Palestine - Retraite des Apotres, Vallee de Josaphat (Plate 35)

Description

This engraving depicts a rock-cut structure called the "Sanctuary of the Apostles," overlooking the Kidron Valley (historically known as the Valley of Josaphat) in eastern Jerusalem. Although the name "Sanctuary of the Apostles" is based on local tradition, modern archaeology has established a connection to the monumental tomb complexes of the Late Hellenistic-Early Roman period around Jerusalem. This site, described by many 19th-century travelers, is part of the ancient rock architecture carved into the steep slopes of the valley and lies within the extensive necropolis surrounding Jerusalem. At the center of the composition is a portico (columned entrance) made of finely dressed blocks of stone, reminiscent of ancient temple facades. The structure's four columns support a classical-style superstructure (architrave and frieze). The frieze features a series of rectangular ornamental panels arranged side by side. These decorations have been compared in some sources to triglyph (three-grooved decorative panel)-like motifs seen in ancient structures. All these architectural features indicate that the structure was designed with Hellenistic and Roman influences. The façade opens onto a wide entrance carved into the high rock walls. The ground level is significantly lower, suggesting a multi-roomed tomb or shelter structure carved into the rock mass.